Njengamanje, kunamalambu amathathu ajwayelekile ezimoto emakethe, amalambu e-halogen,HID amalambu e-xenonfuthiIzibani ze-LED. Ngaphandle kukhona ukukhanya kwe-laser. Izindleko zamanje zesibani selaser ziphezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke akusebenzi. Isibani selaser singasetshenziselwa kuphela uhlaka lwaso oluphakeme lwesakhiwo, njengeBMW i8, AUDI A8 / R8.
Amalambu e-halogen yiwona asetshenziswa kakhulu kuwo wonke amalambu ezimoto njengamanje, futhi angamalambu asetshenziswe isikhathi eside kakhulu emlandweni wezimoto. Kodwa ama-halogen ama-halogen ayizibani ezifiphele futhi kulula ukuphuka / ukushiswa.
HID Xenon izibaniyaqala kusukela enkampanini enkulu i-PHILIPS, HELLA kanye ne-BOSCH, emuva ku-1990 kuya ku-1993 iminyaka.HID Xenon izibanicishe i-lumen engu-2500 kuya ku-4000 lumen, izikhathi ezi-4 kuya kwezi-6 zikhanya kakhulu kunezibani ze-halogen. Abantu abaningi bathiI-HID Xenonikhanya kakhulu ukuthi ungakhanyisa abashayeli ababhekene nayo, AKULUNGILE, ngoba i-capsule emaphakathi yeisibani se-xenonokukhipha ukukhanya kuncane njengomucu we-halogen's bulb, i-beam ephansi ngeke yenze ukukhanya kubashayeli abaphambene, iphethini yokukhanyisa isezingeni njenge-halogen bulb. KodwaIkhithi ye-xenon efihliweayishibhile, ayilula ukufakwa, kufanele ubhoboze imbobo ngemuva kwekhava yamalambu ukuze izintambo zixhume ngaphandle.I-ballast efihliwenge-bulb yangaphakathi ye-xenon ngezinye izikhathi.
Ngobuchwepheshe iHID ama-xenon ama-bulbthatha amasekhondi angu-10-30 ukuze ufinyelele ukukhanya okungu-100%, ngakho-ke abashayeli abangaphambili nabaphambene bangase bazibe i-beam yakho ephakeme / ephansi ekhanyayo ukuze ixwayiswe noma idlule lapho ama-bulb ecishiwe / isimo esibandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyabiza ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwama-ballast nama-bulb.
Amalambu we-LEDzasungulwa ngo-2008 ngonyaka. Iya ngokuya idume kakhulu kule minyaka yamuva nje, ibilokhu ibamba ingxenye yemakethe eyengeziwe yama-halogen bulbs kanyeHID ama-xenon ama-bulb. Amalambu we-LEDukusebenza kwezindleko eziphakeme, usayizi ohlangene namandla aphezulu, ukukhanya kwawo kanye ne-lux cishe izikhathi ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-8 kunama-halogen bulb, amandla aphezulu amashaAmalambu we-LEDingafinyelela ku-4000 lumen kuya ku-6000 lumen. Ngobuchwepheshe ikhanya 100% esheshayo (i-halogen neI-xenon efihliweare not) okuyinzuzo enkulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-LED ingumthombo wokukhanya obandayo ongasheshisi ukuguga kwesibani sesibani, isibonisi noma iprojektha. Empeleniamalambu e-auto LEDyibona ababusa ukushintshwa kwezibani zezimoto ngemuva kwemakethe njengamanje. Lokhu okulandelayoBULBTEKukuthengisa okushisayoIsibani se-LEDuchungechunge, uchungechunge lwe-XD35 D, uchungechunge lwamandla aphezulu we-X9S, uchungechunge olwakhelwe ngaphakathi umshayeli we-X9 kanye nochungechunge lwe-X8-H7 PRO 1:1 losayizi we-halogen. Siyakwamukela embuzweni.
Kodwa bayandaizibani zemoto ze-LEDzisebenzisa isilawuli esihlakaniphile sokulawula izinga lokushisa i-IC ukuvimbela ama-bulb noma abashayeli (ama-bulb) ukuthi bangashi. Ilungele isikhathi sokuphila sama-bulb kanye nezishayeli (zama-bulb), kodwa ayilungele ukukhanya ngenxa yokukhanya kuzoba lufifi, kuyingozi ekushayeleni! Into ewumsangano yamandla aphezulu amashaAmalambu we-LED(okubizwa kanjalo ngo-60W kuya ku-90W ekuqaleni) unjiniyela usethe isilawuli sezinga lokushisa esihlakaniphile i-IC sisebenza ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu, kuwuhlobo lokukopela emehlweni ami.
Iyini imithetho ejwayelekile ye-European E-mark / ECE (i-United Nations Economic Commission for Europe), i-American DOT (umnyango Wezokuthutha), i-NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration), i-FMVSS (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard) kanye namaShayina I-DOT ehlobene neAmalambu we-LED?
1. European E-mark / ECE: ama Halogen kuphela kanyeI-HID ama-bulbzisemthethweni ukushintshwa,Amalambu we-LEDakukho emthethweni. NGAPHANDLE: I-PHILIPS ne-OSRAM isivele iphumelele i-ECE / E-mark R112 eminyakeni emithathu yakamuva, bane-homologation / imvume evela eJalimane, ngakho-ke basemthethweni Emgwaqweni / Emgwaqweni wase-Europe manje, i-TUV izokunikeza isitifiketi uma ushintsha i-PHILIPS / Izibani ze-OSRAM ezidlule i-ECE / E-mark u-R112. Sicela uhlole izifinyezo ezingezansi ezithathwe kuwebhusayithi ye-OSRAM kanye ne-LUMILEDS:
2. EMelikaI-DOT / NHTSA / FMVSS: ama-Halogen kuphela asemthethweni ukushintshwa, ama-HID bulbs(ngaphandle kwe-D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D7, D8, D9 kanye ne-9500?) kanyeAmalambu we-LEDakukho emthethweni.
Okuqukethwe kwesaziso esisemthethweni esisinikezwe (i-BULBTEK) ngabasebenzi be-DOT embukisweni wezimoto waseMelika i-AAPEX kanye ne-SEMA injengezansi:
I-National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) ihlonze ukuthutheleka okukhulu kwe-HID/Amakhithi okuguqula ama-LEDukuze zisetshenziswe kumalambu emoto. Lawa makhithi athathwa njengemishini yezimoto ezishintshayo futhi ngakho angaphansi kwesigaba Sezisetshenziswa Zokubuyisela se-Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 108 Lamps, Reflective, Devices and Associated Equipment, 49 CFR § 571.108. FIHLILE/Amakhithi okuguqula ama-LEDungahlangabezani nezimfuneko ze-FMVSS No. 108 ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukungeniswa ngokusemthethweni e-United States noma ithengiswe e-United States. Bheka 49 USC § 30112 (a)(1).
I-FMVSS No. 108 idinga, ngokwengxenye, ukuthi umthombo wokukhanya ngamunye oshintshwayo uklanywe ukuze uhambisane nokucaciswa okuthile kobukhulu nogesi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kusetshenziswe umthombo wokukhanya oshintshekayo kusibani esishintshayo, umkhiqizi kufanele aqale athumele ulwazi oluthile maqondana nalo (kanye ne-ballast yalo uma kudingeka), noma angasebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya (kanye ne-ballast uma kudingeka) uma imininingwane yayo isivele igcwalisiwe Engxenyeni 564. Kusukela ngosuku lwale dokhumenti, ayikho imithombo yokukhanya eshintshekayo ye-LED efakwe Engxenyeni 564. Imithombo eshintshekayo ye-HID efakwe esigabeni 564 ithi D1R, D1S, D2R, D2S, D3R, D3S, I-D4R, D4S, D5S, D7S, D8S, D9S ne-9500. Sicela ubheke ngemuva ukuze uthole uhlu lwayo yonke imithombo yokukhanya yeNgxenye 564.
Njengoba umthetho udinga ukuthi noma imuphi umthombo wokukhanya oshintshwayo othengelwe ukudayiswa e-United States uthobelane nezimfuneko ze-FMVSS No. 108 akukho emthethweni ukukhiqiza, ukuthengisa, ukunikela ngokuthengiswa, ukungenisa, noma ukwethula ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe noma iyiphi i-HID/LED ikhithi equkethe umthombo wokukhanya oshintshekayo osisekelo sawo esilungisiwe noma sakhiqizwa ukuze sishintsheke nanoma yimuphi umthombo wokukhanya oshintshwayo onelambu elilawulayo ohlanganisa idizayini yomthombo wokukhanya ohlukile.
3. ICHASHAZA lesiShayina: ngokufanayo neMelika, ama-Halogen kuphela asemthethweni ukushintshwa,I-HID ama-bulbfuthiAmalambu we-LEDakukho emthethweni.
Kulula kakhulu ukubona ukuthi izibani zangaphambili zezimoto ziyi-halogen noma cha ngokubona izibani zinombala ophuzi noma cha (i-halogen inombala ophuzi kuphela, ukucacisa izinga lokushisa elingu-3000 Kelvin ngombala). Kungani kusenabantu abaningi abasebenzisayo nabathengisayoHID ama-xenon ama-bulbfuthiAmalambu we-LEDemhlabeni wonke? Ngokubona kwami, ngoba i-CUSTOMS, i-ECE ne-DOT empeleni ayizange ihlole noma ijezise okuningi. Kodwa uCustoms wahlolaHID / Izibani ze-LEDnamaphoyisa omgwaqo ajezisa abashayeli abafakeHID / Izibani ze-LEDnamanje kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile.
Khona-ke ungase ubuze ukuthi kungani izinkampani ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe (ezifana ne-PHILIPS, OSRAM, HELLA) zisasebenzisaHIDfuthiIkhithi yezibani ze-LEDnoma amalambu emoto yokuqala akhiqiza noma adayise leziHIDfuthiAmalambu we-LEDfor after market? Ake ngizame ukuphendula lo mbuzo:
1.HIDfuthiIkhithi yezibani ze-LEDnoma amalambu emoto yoqobo ekhiqiza: lesi yisimo esikhethekile nesiqondile. Ikhithi yesibani semoto kufanele ihambisane nemithetho yephethini yokukhanyisa ezimakethe eziqondiwe. Ngicabanga ukuthi la makhithi amalambu kufanele adlule wonke lawo mazinga.
2.HID amalambu e-Xenonngoba ngemva kwemakethe: kusemthethweni eYurophu inqobo nje umaI-HID ama-bulbuphumelele izinga le-E-mark-R112. Kodwa akukho emthethweni e-USA, Russia, Brazil nakwamanye amazwe. Ngithatha i-USA njengesibonelo (iRussia, iBrazil namanye amazwe ayimfucumfucu), angikhumbulanga ukuthi ngabona i-PHILIPS / OSRAM / HELLAHID ama-xenon ama-bulbkuthengiswa ezitolo ezinkulu ze-American Autozone noma e-Walmart chain. Sicela usivumele(BULBTEK) yazi uma ubone PHILIPS / OSRAM / HELLAHID ama-xenon ama-bulbzathengiswa ngokusemthethweni ezitolo ezinkulu noma ezinkampanini zaseMelika, ngiyamangala ngempela ukuthi kungani zingadlula imithetho ye-DOT / FMVSS uma zithengiswa ngokusemthethweni ku-“HIDi-USA engavunyelwe”, Mhlawumbe izinkampani ezinkulu ziyizivakashi ze-VIP ezinelungelo kumakomiti kanye neminyango kazwelonke ehlobene nezokuhamba. Kodwa njengoba ngangazi kaningiI-HID ama-bulbkade bethumela e-USA, Russia naseBrazil besuka eChina, asisakhulumi ngayo ngenxa yokuthi yindawo empunga/emnyama njengoba sengishilo.
3.Amalambu we-LEDokwedlule imakethe:
A. IYurophu: engekho emthethweni. Ngakho bamaka “Offroad” noma “Ilambu lenkungu” ebhokisini. NGAPHANDLE: I-PHILIPS ne-OSRAM isivele iphumelele i-ECE / E-mark R112 eminyakeni emithathu yakamuva, bane-homologation / imvume evela eJalimane, ngakho-ke basemthethweni Emgwaqweni / Emgwaqweni wase-Europe manje, i-TUV izokunikeza isitifiketi uma ushintsha i-PHILIPS / Izibani ze-OSRAM ezidlule i-ECE / E-mark u-R112. Sicela uhlole izixhumanisi ezimbili ezingezansi ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe:
B. USA: akukho emthethweni. Ngakho bamaka “Offroad” noma “Ilambu lenkungu” ebhokisini. Anginaso isiqiniseko sokuthi i-PHILIPS noma i-OSRAM ilungisiwe yini nomthethonqubo we-American DOT / FVMSS-108 noma okwamanje.
C. China: akukho emthethweni. Anginaso isiqiniseko sokuthi ingabe i-PHILIPS noma i-OSRAM ilungisiwe yini nomthetho we-Chinese DOT noma cha. Wonke umuntu uvele adayise yonke indawo.
Noma kunjalo, thinaBULBTEKsiyakwamukela enkathini entsha yezimotoAmalambu we-LED.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-23-2022